2025
Physics: Clarke, Devoret, Martinis – macroscopic quantum tunnelling and superconducting circuits
Chemistry: Kitagawa, Robson, Yaghi – metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)
Medicine: Brunkow, Ramsdell, Sakaguchi – immune tolerance and T-cell regulation
Literature: László Krasznahorkai – visionary literary works
Peace: Maria Corina Machado – democratic rights and peaceful transition
Economic Sciences: Mokyr, Aghion, Howitt – innovation-driven economic growth
2024
Physics: Hopfield, Hinton – neural networks and machine learning foundations
Chemistry: Baker, Hassabis, Jumper – protein structure prediction (AlphaFold)
Medicine: Ambros, Ruvkun – microRNA discovery
Literature: Han Kang – modern human trauma and literature
Peace: Nihon Hidankyo – nuclear weapons abolition movement
Economic Sciences: Acemoglu, Johnson, Robinson – institutions and prosperity
2023
Physics: Agostini, Krausz, L’Huillier – attosecond laser physics
Chemistry: Bawendi, Brus, Yekimov – quantum dots
Medicine: Karikó, Weissman – mRNA vaccine technology
Literature: Jon Fosse – modern drama and prose
Peace: Narges Mohammadi – human rights activism
Economic Sciences: Claudia Goldin – women in labour markets
2022
Physics: Aspect, Clauser, Zeilinger – quantum entanglement
Chemistry: Bertozzi, Meldal, Sharpless – click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry
Medicine: Svante Pääbo – human evolution and Neanderthal genome
Peace: Ales Bialiatski, Memorial, Center for Civil Liberties
Economic Sciences: Ben Bernanke, Douglas Diamond, Philip Dybvig – banking and financial crises
2021
Physics: Manabe, Hasselmann, Parisi – climate modelling and complex systems
Chemistry: List, MacMillan – asymmetric organocatalysis
Medicine: Julius, Patapoutian – temperature and touch receptors
Literature: Abdulrazak Gurnah – colonialism and refugee experience
Peace: Maria Ressa, Dmitry Muratov – press freedom
Economic Sciences: Card, Angrist, Imbens – natural experiments in economics
2020
Physics: Penrose, Genzel, Ghez – black holes
Chemistry: Charpentier, Doudna – CRISPR gene editing
Medicine: Alter, Houghton, Rice – Hepatitis C virus
Literature: Louise Glück – poetic voice
Peace: World Food Programme – fight against hunger
Economic Sciences: Milgrom, Wilson – auction theory
2019
Physics: Mayor, Queloz, Peebles – exoplanets and cosmology
Chemistry: Goodenough, Whittingham, Yoshino – lithium-ion batteries
Medicine: Kaelin, Ratcliffe, Semenza – oxygen sensing in cells
Literature: Olga Tokarczuk – narrative imagination
Peace: Abiy Ahmed – peace efforts in Ethiopia
Economic Sciences: Banerjee, Duflo, Kremer – poverty reduction
2018
Physics: Ashkin, Mourou, Strickland – laser physics
Chemistry: Arnold, Smith, Winter – enzyme engineering
Medicine: Allison, Honjo – cancer immunotherapy
Literature: Olga Tokarczuk (2018 announced later due to delay issues in award cycle adjustments in records)
Peace: Denis Mukwege, Nadia Murad – ending sexual violence in war
Economic Sciences: Nordhaus, Romer – climate and innovation
2017
Physics: Weiss, Barish, Thorne – gravitational waves
Chemistry: Dubochet, Frank, Henderson – cryo-electron microscopy
Medicine: Hall, Rosbash, Young – biological clocks
Peace: ICAN – nuclear weapon ban treaty advocacy
Economic Sciences: Thaler – behavioural economics
2016
Physics: Thouless, Haldane, Kosterlitz – topological phases of matter
Chemistry: Sauvage, Stoddart, Feringa – molecular machines
Medicine: Ohsumi – autophagy
Literature: Bob Dylan – songs and poetry
Peace: Juan Manuel Santos – Colombia peace deal
Economic Sciences: Hart, Holmström – contract theory
2015
Physics: Kajita, McDonald – neutrino oscillations
Chemistry: Lindahl, Modrich, Sancar – DNA repair
Medicine: Campbell, Ōmura, Tu – parasite treatments
Literature: Svetlana Alexievich – documentary literature
Peace: Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet
Economic Sciences: Deaton – consumption and welfare
2014
Physics: Akasaki, Amano, Nakamura – blue LED
Chemistry: Lefkowitz, Kobilka – GPCR receptors
Medicine: O’Keefe, Moser, Moser – brain positioning system
Literature: Patrick Modiano
Peace: Malala Yousafzai, Kailash Satyarthi – education rights
Economic Sciences: Tirole – market regulation
2013
Physics: Englert, Higgs – Higgs boson
Chemistry: Karplus, Levitt, Warshel – complex chemical systems
Medicine: Rothman, Schekman, Südhof – cell transport
Peace: Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons
Economic Sciences: Fama, Hansen, Shiller – asset pricing
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Pakistan’s Nobel laureates:
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Abdus Salam (1979, Physics) – First Pakistani and first Muslim scientist to win a Nobel (for work on electroweak unification).
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Malala Yousafzai (2014, Peace) – Youngest Nobel laureate, awarded for her struggle for girls’ education.
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